Cells that undergo cell division spend approximately 95% of their time in the interphase. A typical eukaryotic cell undergoes the subsequent stages of the interphase i.e.Different cells may have varying interphase processing mechanisms.Additionally, in case the cell misses on the second checkpoint, cancer cells may develop for example neoplasia develops due to unchecked cell division.In the case of a genetic mutation in the regulatory proteins at the checkpoint, a permanent molecular switch is turned on leading to uncontrolled cell multiplication which may lead to carcinogenesis or development of tumors.The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase is activated by regulatory protein complexes (tumor suppressors) that control cell growth and induce apoptotic mechanisms of errored cells.A typical example of a kinase enzyme in cell division is the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) which uses cell signals to switch cell mechanisms especially when a genetic mutation is detected.The second checkpoint uses kinase enzymes which control various stages in cell division cycles.At the G2 phase again, a second checkpoint takes place after the synthesis of DNA in the S phase.The molecular switch is an on and off process and it continues through the S phase which allows the damaged cells to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).During checking, various proteins interact with the DNA a mechanism known as molecular switching.

It is at this checkpoint that DNA damages or errors are checked to ensure that cell division thrives.

At the end of Gap 1 (G1), the cell is controlled by a checkpoint known as the G1/S whereby, the cell is scrutinized on whether to undergo replication or not.

Also, the plant chloroplast also divides in this phase.

Mitochondria will divide and continue to grow until the start of mitosis.

During this phase, the cell continues its growth phase as it prepares for cell division.

During the S phase, more phospholipids are produced which make up the cell membrane and the membranes of the cell organelles.

Additionally, new packaged proteins known as histones, wrap around the DNA copies to make it stable.

During doubling, the number of chromosomes remains constant, a process is known as semiconservative replication.

This is the phase when the cell synthesizes and doubles its DNA.

If the cell can not divide again, it enters the G 0.

As the phase is almost done, the mitochondria of the cell fuse into a network of mitochondria for effective energy production for cell processes.

The cell can only move to the next phase, S after synthesizing enough ribosomes.

The cell increases in size and volume as more cell organelles are produced.

This is the phase in which the cell undergoes normal growth and cell function synthesizing high amounts of proteins.

The synthesis (S) phase is the phase of cell copying or cell duplication of its DNA of its entire genome.

G1 and G2 phase represents the time of growth and preparation for mitosis. Interphase stages: What happens during the interphase?

Prophase cell cycle