Functional groups organic chemistry free#

But you get the idea.Functional groups are the key structural elements that define how organic molecules act. If there is a double or triple bond in the molecule then the parent hydrocarbon is not butane, rather it would be butene and butyne respectively. In general, the IUPAC preferred name is either a substitutive name or a traditional (trivial) name, but there are exceptions (as in the cases of esters, anhydrides and polymers).ДЇor a discussion of the general principles of substitutive IUPAC nomenclature go to Introduction to Naming Organic Compounds (4) There is more than one way to name organic compounds. (3) It is possible for halogen atoms to substitute for hydrogen atoms on other parent hydrocarbons such as alkenes and alkynes, but because we are restricting this discussion to the case when only one functional group is present if a halogen atom is present then the parent hydrocarbon must be saturated, that is, an alkane. (2) It is possible for more than one functional group to be present, but for this introduction to functional groups we will assume only one functional group will be present on a molecule.Д®xamples of molecules containing 2 different functional groups can be found in the Naming Saturated Molecules with 2 Different Functional Groups Tutorial. Note that we are restricting our discussion to organic molecules made up carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and just one other element (a halogen, or oxygen, or nitrogen). (1) There are other functional groups that you might meet including: (ii) all other functional groups modify the suffix of the name of the parent hydrocarbon (but _). (i) halogen atoms modify the prefix of the name of the parent hydrocarbon ( _butane). Triple covalent bond between nitrogen atom and carbon atom: this is the functional group for the class of compounds known as nitriles Single covalent bond between nitrogen atom and carbon atom(s): this is the functional group for the class of compounds known as amines Halogen atoms are the functional groups for the class of compounds known as haloalkanes (halogenoalkanes)

Step 2: Look for halogen atoms that could be replacing hydrogen atoms along the carbon chain Step 1: Look for double and/or triple bonds between carbon atomsД¬=C is the functional group for the class of compounds known as alkenesД¬в‰ЎC is the functional group for the class of compounds known as alkynes If you have been given the structure of an organic compound: Inspection will tell you which of the following functional groups are present and therefore which class it belongs to: If not, the molecule does not include halogen functional groups. If the answer is yes, you have located halogen functional groups, and the compound belongs to the class of compounds known as haloalkanes (halogenoalkanes) Step 2: Does the prefix include the name of any halogen elements (fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo)? Step 1: Break the name of the compound up into three sections: If you have been given the name of an organic compound:

Functional groups organic chemistry free#

No ads = no money for us = no free stuff for you! Identifying a Functional Group (Characteristic Group) and ClassД«ecause the properties of an organic molecule (carbon molecule) depend on its functional group, it is important to be able identify the functional group that is present in the molecule.Д«ecause organic molecules with the same functional group have similar properties and undergo similar chemical chemical reactions, it is important to be able to identify the class of organic compounds that the organic molecule belongs to.

Organic molecules that belong to the same class of organic compounds have similar properties and undergo similar chemical reactions.

The presence of the other functional groups above modifies the suffix of the parent hydrocarbon:.

The presence of a halogen functional group modifies the prefix of the parent hydrocarbon:.N replaces 3 H atoms on a terminal carbon atom. The nitrogen atom can then make 2 more bonds, either with H atoms as shown here, or with other C atoms.ДЄ nitrogen atom is covalently triple bonded to a carbon atom at the end of a chain. O replaces 2 H atoms on a terminal carbon atom, and OH replaces 1 H atom on the same terminal carbon atom.ДЄ nitrogen atom is covalently bonded to a carbon atom. O replaces 2 H atoms on a non-terminal carbon atom.ДЄn oxygen atom is covalently double bonded to a carbon atom at the end of a chain that is also bonded to an oxygen atom which is itself bonded to a hydrogen atom. O is covalently double bonded to any carbon atom that is NOT at the end of a chain. O replaces 2 H atoms on the terminal carbon atom. O is covalently double bonded to the first carbon atom in the chain. OH group replaces 1 H atom in the parent hydrocarbon molecule. O atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom and to a carbon atom.

X replaces 1 H atom in a parent alkane molecule. X = F, Cl, Br or I covalently bonded to a carbon atom.